The Voynich manuscript has long been shorthand for the unsolved and the unknowable, a late medieval codex filled with looping ...

This study presents SynaptoGen, a differentiable extension of connectome models that links gene expression, protein-protein interaction probabilities, synaptic multiplicity, and synaptic weights, and ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Neural encoding is the study of how neurons represent information with electrical activity (action potentials) at the level of individual cells or in networks of neurons. Studies of neural encoding ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Marguerita is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor ...