Communication-system designers have always had to deal with trade-offs among data reliability, efficient use of available spectrum, data throughput, and cost. Error-correction coding (ECC) is one of ...

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Enzymes help with specific functions that are vital to the operation and overall health of the human body. They help speed up chemical reactions and are essential for respiration, digestion, muscle ...

The number of complaints received by healthcare organisations from patients and families is on an upward trajectory.1 For example, in 2023–2024, the NHS in England received 241 922 complaints,2 an ...