Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Females are more immunoreactive than males and, although sex hormones have an important role in immune functions, the X chromosome is fundamental in shaping sex-specific immune responses. X-linked ...

Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with financial planning, derivatives, equities, fixed income, project management, and analytics. Suzanne is a ...