Researchers have successfully extended the quantum phase difference estimation algorithm, a general quantum algorithm for the direct calculations of energy gaps, to enable the direct calculation of ...

The formation of a partition of objects, each with an associated random measurement X, is given operational meaning and a figure of merit. The information about X, given each object, is first reduced ...

A simple explicit formula is provided for the matrix of second derivatives of the observed data log-likelihood in terms of derivatives of the criterion function (the conditional expectation of the ...