The researchers also examined via simulation and modeling how the phenomenon emerges with different materials. "Tungsten is the standard material used for X-ray production, and we know it's a good ...

The study of ionisation cross sections and X‑ray production induced by electron impact forms a cornerstone in our understanding of atomic interactions and material characterisation. Ionisation cross ...

Startup Substrate is building next-generation semiconductor fabs using advanced X-ray lithography. This goes beyond extreme ...

If the X-rays in a black hole's jets are highly polarized, that would mean that the X-rays are produced by protons gyrating in the magnetic field of the jet or protons interacting with the jet's ...

Charge exchange is a fundamental process whereby a highly charged ion captures one or more electrons from a neutral species, leading to the emission of X‑rays. This electron capture event is central ...

Since the 1960s, scientists who study X-rays, lightning and similar phenomena have observed something curious: In lab experiments replicating these occurrences, electrons accelerated between two ...