Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers represent a cornerstone in the field of control systems engineering, providing a versatile and robust method for regulating industrial processes. The ...

PID controller design has long been central to the stable and efficient operation of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) systems worldwide. Contemporary research in this field focuses on the ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

Ballbots are versatile robotic systems with the ability to move around in all directions. This makes it tricky to control their movement. In a recent study, a team has proposed a novel proportional ...