One of the key benefits of the C language, which is the reason it is so popular for embedded applications, is that it is a high-level, structured programming language, but has low-level capabilities.

Programming C without variables is like, well, programming C without variables. They are so essential to the language that it doesn’t even require an analogy here. We can declare and use them as ...

From our study of C++, it should be clear that, unlike class encapsulation and single inheritance, which were essentially free in C, polymorphism in C involves some complexity and overhead. In the ...

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Hardware abstraction layers (HALs) are an important layer to every embedded software application. A HAL allows a developer to abstract or decouple the hardware details from the application code.