This paper is the study of the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation technique using AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In QPSK scheme the authors ...
Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems represent a cutting‐edge approach to broadband communications, enabling simultaneous data transmission from multiple users over a single optical ...
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