Edgar Schein's theory defines culture through three levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions that shape how organizations truly operate.

When a client is struggling with financial or health needs in addition to personal or spiritual ones, it is common to make an appeal to "Maslow's hierarchy," according to which material needs, in some ...

Why Psychologists Haven’t Agreed on the Basic Human Values—Until Now Personality traits are stable patterns in the way we think, feel, and behave (Johnson, 1997, p. 74). In a previous PT post, I ...