Some 4,000 years ago, as ancient civilizations such as the Minoans in Crete and the Neo-Sumerian Empire in Mesopotamia were shaping cultures in Europe and the Middle East, human biology itself was ...

For many, evolution boils down to a simple phrase: survival of the fittest. Within a population, individuals vary in their ability to survive and reproduce, and the winners of this competition shape ...

Schematic representation of fitness landscapes. (A) Orange lines show maximum (dashed) and average (dotted) fitness of a population on a narrower peak (yellow circles), blue lines show the same for a ...