The particles and antiparticles of the Standard Model obey all sorts of conservation laws, with fundamental differences between fermionic particles and antiparticles and bosonic ones. The final piece ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. String theory captured the hearts and minds of many physicists decades ago because of a beautiful simplicity. Zoom in far enough on a ...

A theory of everything was all the rage in the 1980s. So where did it go? It is only the optimists who achieve anything in this world—theorist John Ellis once read this adage on a candy wrapper. It ...

For the past half century or so, a theory known by the understated name of the Standard Model has dominated the field of particle physics. This theory provides us with a detailed description of the 17 ...

Gauge theory and string theory represent two foundational pillars in contemporary theoretical physics, offering profound insights into the nature of fundamental interactions and the structure of the ...

Ian G. McCarthy receives funding from UKRI's Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). He works for Liverpool John Moores University. Given how unfathomably large the universe is, it is ...

The Standard Model is our best theory for how the universe operates, but there are some missing pieces that physicists are struggling to find. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn ...

The Standard Model of Elementary Particles (the ""Standard Model"" to those in the know) can explain nearly everything from the workings of the sun to the structure of, say, a garbage can, but it ...

The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, while omitting gravity) in the universe, ...