In order to correctly turn on and off some switches, such as SiC transistors, it is usually required to drive its gate between a positive and a negative supply voltage (+20V and -5V for SiC MOSFETs, ...

While usual gapless points that are not geometrically defective i.e. Dirac points (Left column) possess only eigenvalues within [0, 1] (Bottom Left), defective exceptional points (Right column) also ...