Power modules are high-power switching circuits that convert DC- in AC-currents in electric vehicles, renewable energy, and many more applications. New materials [14] and device technologies [14], ...

What are S-parameters? The multiple types of S-parameters beyond the small-signal variety. Using S-parameters, we can represent even the most complex RF device as a simple N-port network. Figure 1 ...

S-parameters are a popular means of characterizing interconnects. By feeding the interconnect with a precision reference signal and measuring how much of that signal propagates through the connector ...

Signals operating in the radio frequency (RF) realm between 3 kHz to 300 GHz are an inherent part of processing by circuit components within and outside an IC. Linear characteristics of RF circuits ...

Suppose you have an optical lens of some sort onto which you shine a light with a known photonic output. While most of the incident light passes through the lens, some fraction of the light is ...

As high-speed serial data rates advance beyond 50 Gb/s, conventional logic-emulating non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling is being replaced by PAM4, a four-level pulse amplitude-modulation scheme. PAM4 ...