For three decades, the classic 4% rule has been the shorthand answer to a brutally complex question: how much you can safely ...

The “4% rule” isn’t one rule — fixed percentage, fixed dollar, and inflation-adjusted withdrawals behave very differently in ...

The 4% rule of retirement puts you on an austere budget in your leisure years. Even if you save a million dollars, the 4% formula allows you to spend only $40,000 of your money in the first year. But ...

Katie has a PhD in maths, specializing in the intersection of dynamical systems and number theory. She reports on topics from maths and history to society and animals. Katie has a PhD in maths, ...