The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) provides a quantitative means of characterising how light is reflected from a surface. It is defined as the ratio of radiance scattered by ...

THE reflectance standard for colorimetric purposes adopted by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage in 1931 is a bed of magnesium oxide deposited from the smoke of magnesium ribbon or turnings ...

Through the use of a connected camera, GeoImage™ is capable of quickly and accurately measuring the reflectance of vitrinite macerals. As a tool that has been specifically designed for organic ...

Precision farming, which relies on spatially heterogeneous application of fertilizers, biologically active compounds, pesticides, etc., is one of the leading trends in modern agricultural science. A ...