Real-time PCR plays a foundational role in gene expression studies, disease analysis, and molecular diagnostics. However, success depends on precise reaction setup, optimized assays, and accurate ...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fundamental molecular biology tool that scientists use to amplify and analyze genetic material, such as DNA and RNA. PCR involves the enzymatic amplification of ...

DNA can sustain serious injuries called double strand breaks, in which both strands of the helix snap. These breaks are among the most dangerous forms of DNA damage and immediately trigger the cell's ...