Giselle M. Cancio has over 10 years of editorial experience and content development in personal finance, education, travel, and sports. Her work has been published on NerdWallet, the Associated Press, ...

Q. I have prepared projections for a proposed project, and I want to calculate the internal rate of return. Instead of using Excel’s IRR function, should I use simple math formulas so others can ...

The pricing of an income annuity is typically described using either the monthly income amount it generates, or as the annual payout rate of the income received as a percentage of the premium amount.

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

The risk-free rate is the rate of return offered by an investment that carries zero risk. Every investment asset carries some level of risk, however small, so the risk-free rate is something of a ...

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The rule of 72 is a shortcut investors can use to determine how long it will take their investment to double based on a fixed annual rate of return. To use the rule of 72, divide 72 by the fixed rate ...

A discount rate is a percentage rate that investors use to measure the value of future cash flows in today's dollars. A discount rate has a wide variety of applications in terms of analyzing ...

Index Returns are driven by 3 components: Reference Rate, Risk Premium, and Periodic Income. The 3 components are combined in various fashions to create Total, Price, and Excess Return Indexes, which ...