If inflation increases rapidly, how do we know that higher interest rates will bring prices under control? And how do we know how much of the monetary “medicine” to administer? Economics relies ...

The Bradley-Terry model for paired-comparison experiments assumes that the parameters for treatment ratings are the same for each comparison. We generalize this model by envisioning a population of ...

A laser is usually constructed from two basic elements: a material that provides optical gain through stimulated emission and an optical cavity that partially traps the light. When the total gain in ...

A random variable is a mathematical function that maps outcomes of random experiments to numbers. It can be thought of as the numeric result of operating a non-deterministic mechanism or performing a ...

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