The Critical Zone encompasses the near‐surface environment where rock, soil, water, air and biota interact in a dynamic equilibrium that drives essential geochemical cycles. Research in this area ...

Earth system box models are essential tools for reconstructing long-term climatic and environmental evolution and uncovering ...

Magnesium isotope geochemistry has emerged as a pivotal tool in deciphering Earth’s surface and subsurface processes, particularly in the context of chemical weathering. By studying the subtle ...

Exposed rocks along the coastline can be broken down by the processes of weathering. Freeze-thaw weathering occurs when rocks are porous (contain holes) or permeable (allow water to pass through).

Rocks are not eternal. Even the tallest mountain will eventually dissolve and disintegrate. Geologists call this process “weathering.” It sounds harmless enough, but weathering is one of the most ...

Reactions between rocks, rain and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have helped to stabilise the climate throughout Earth’s history, but they won’t prevent our carbon emissions from causing severe ...

The Geology of the Himalaya is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of modern plate tectonic forces. The Himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km are the result of an ongoing orogeny, the ...