A distillation tray is used to mix vapors and liquids together. The better the mixing, the more efficiently the tray works. Tray efficiency also depends on two other factors: how well the droplets of ...

A number of refineries utilize a combination of technologies to effectively measure and enhance the distillation of crude oil into isolated hydrocarbon components, in order for them to be processed ...

Distillation columns are extensively deployed in the chemical process industries when there is a need for separation of components that have different boiling points. Typically, a mixture of ...

Inland water desalination, wherein sparingly soluble species are present, presents a market problem due to the cost of disposing of the concentrate from a reverse osmosis process. Water supplies are ...

Lubricants and oils are used across many different areas of industry, with the most common use being within industrial machines and automotive engines. Lubrication is one of the fundamental aspects of ...

Sir Winston Churchill once said, “The gin and tonic has saved more Englishmen's lives, and minds, than all the doctors in the Empire.” He may have been onto something. The earliest versions of gin ...