Power plants are engineered with precision down to the smallest detail, yet one critical variable is often considered too ...

The author describes the benefits and challenges inherent to cleaning in place (CIP). The article also describes the development and validation of a CIP cycle. Today’s pharmaceutical and ...

The author reviews the draft guidance on process validation, its QbD applications, and its potential impact on sterile manufacturing operations. Individuals working in pharmaceutical sterile ...

Design guidelines outline solutions for reducing fouling in distillation columns DISTILLATION—1 When designing mass transfer equipment for fouling service, one must first understand the fouling ...

The tools a medical device company uses for designing automation equipment can make or break the transition to automation. The key is knowing what's out there. Kenneth Lindner, Eric P. Kilburg, Roger ...

It is important that engineers document the design process so that they can communicate it to others and ensure no information is lost. It is also critical for convincing decision-makers to approve ...

A big step in bringing electronic devices to market is going through Federal Communications Commission (FCC) testing and gaining equipment authorization. A device that receives equipment authorization ...