X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

Diagram of an X-ray Reflectometry (XRR) setup: This schematic shows the arrangement of the X-ray tube, Gӧbel mirror, sample holder, and detector. The X-rays are emitted from the tube, shaped by slits ...

What is Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy? Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy is a powerful analytical technique that enables the visualization and quantification of the elemental ...

X-ray crystallography, like mass spectroscopy and nuclear spectroscopy, is an extremely useful material characterization technique that is unfortunately hard for amateurs to perform. The physical ...