Members can download this article in PDF format. Power systems employ diodes to perform a variety of functions. For example, diodes can protect against damage due to power-source reverse-polarity ...

Power systems today operate in an environment where reliability and safety must be maintained despite rising loads, expanding interconnections, and increasing dependence on distributed energy ...

The evolution of today’s Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Power over Data Line (PoDL) systems. The fundamental power delivery characteristics of PoE and PoDL and how these digitally integrated, ...

Duke Energy is evaluating the use of a point to point digital secondary system to reduce the amount of copper utilized in traditional substation protection designs. Table I below, lists various ...

The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...

Emergency systems [Art. 700]. These are generally used to provide power so occupants can safely exit in the event of fire or other disaster. Other uses include providing ventilation essential to ...