The performance of analogue phase-locked loops (PLLs) has steadily improved with operating frequencies extending to 8GHz and beyond. Recently, digital PLLs based on direct digital synthesis (DDS) have ...

At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...

Digital PLLs outperform analog PLLs in jitter, phase noise, power, and die area. They also reduce migration risk and cost. They make integration and production test easy. Yet, they have not been ...

In designing a simple spectroscopy setup, we needed to synchronize the speed of a small, inexpensive dc motor precisely to 6000 rpm (100 Hz). Our first idea was to take a phase-frequency detector type ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. While consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference-clock generation, other ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...

Microwave frequency generation has posed significant challenges to engineers over the years, requiring in-depth knowledge of analog, digital, and radio frequency (RF) and microwave ...