From reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it's investigating the financials of Elon Musk's pro-Trump PAC or ...

The bonus points initiative (BPI) was introduced in 2012 to incentivise the study of higher-level mathematics and with the long-term goal of improving students’ mathematical capabilities. Since its ...

Analysis: There's no doubt that bonus points are driving the uptake of Higher Level maths, but the initiative has had unintended consequences In Ireland, the proportion of students opting to complete ...

The awarding of bonus points to students who achieve a pass or more in Higher Level Maths has had unintended negative consequences and should be re-assessed, a new study has found. The study was ...

Tens of thousands of students a year in England are being left with little or no maths education after the age of 16, a report has warned. The take-up of core maths – which offers an opportunity for ...

Bilevel optimisation is a hierarchical framework involving two interdependent decision-making problems, where the solution of the lower-level problem constrains and influences the upper-level ...