Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing right ventricular (RV) volume and function, but the normal values of RV volume and function by 3D echocardiography in the ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed scientists at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) to produce an accurate picture of the healthy heart in adolescence. Using this ...

The aim of this systematic qualitative review was to give an overview of reference ranges defined as normal values or centile charts of regional tissue oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared ...

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a known risk factor for mortality in both healthy and patient populations. There are currently no normative data for short-term measures of HRV. A thorough review of ...

COPD requires regular monitoring through tests like spirometry to assess the condition’s severity and aid in an individualized treatment plan. COPD is a progressive lung condition that makes breathing ...

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy, affecting 10 million people annually. Consequently, CTS is the most expensive upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder, costing ...

Men with a PSA level above the median for their age group are at higher risk for prostate cancer. The concept of what is "normal" enters into nearly every aspect of clinical decision making. For ...

If you’ve ever had a doctor order a blood test for you, chances are that they ran a complete blood count, or CBC. One of the most common blood tests in the world, CBC tests are run billions of times ...

A set of normal values of three-dimensional echocardiographic right ventricular volume and function was first established in a large Chinese population, which was significantly smaller than those ...

Database searches retrieved a total of 3,141 citations (Fig. 1). Shortlisted citations were retrieved and checked at the title/abstract level excluding 2,765 papers. Complete articles for the ...