James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

The normal distribution is pretty cool. It’s a mathematically determined probability distribution that does a good job of describing the patterns of variability between scores for many variables in ...

As is well known, the normal distribution is a key tool in probability and statistics. It can be described as a distribution that obeys a universal rule derived from one of the most important theorems ...

Everyone agrees the normal distribution isn't a great statistical model for stock market returns, but no generally accepted alternative has emerged. A bottom-up simulation points to the Laplace ...

The normal distribution is a concept in statistics that assumes all values are distributed in the same pattern. It requires symmetry and consistent proportions in the distribution of values. Normal ...