We received this question from a student at a recent Profinet One-Day Training Class. I found it particularly prescient given the latest discussions going on around Industry 4.0. The question is ...

I love new security testing tools. There is nothing quite like finding some magical bits of code allowing you to use and abuse protocols in unique and unnatural ways. I was introduced to Loki at ...

It used to be that if you used one particular vendor’s automation products or sensors, you were locked in forever. With today ...

Computer engineers learn early on that a core set of protocols are critical to networks. Some of the most important protocols include Internet Protocol (IP), Transaction Control Protocol (TCP), ...

Part 1 of this article looks at low-level communications protocols, including PPP and Ethernet, and their specific security features and requirements.] Now that we have discussed the lower-level ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but Layer 3 ...

Like many words in the English language, “network” and “protocol” have different meanings, depending on the context. In the context of digital communications, Merriam-Webster defines network as “a ...

While there are an endless number of Internet protocols, some of them are particularly suited for video networks. For real-time transmission of video over IP, let's look at the protocol stack used in ...