A significant performance element in communication and radar systems, as well as wireless devices, is the antenna, which may be defined as a transducer between a guided electromagnetic (EM) wave ...

When it comes to actual antennas in the real world, much of our knowledge is empirical. We know very broadly theories that explain how a point charge radiates (Maxwell’s equations), the need for ...

Today, miniaturized devices require the use of antennas that are smaller than their wavelength. Wide bandwidth microstrip antennas get a lot of interest from designers due to their flexibility and ...