This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American To read the headline accompanying Ibbotson ...

The effect of variability on learning is recognized in many fields: learning is harder when input is variable, but variability leads to better generalization of the knowledge we learned. In this ...

Theoretical physicists use machine-learning algorithms to speed up difficult calculations and eliminate untenable theories—but could they transform what it means to make discoveries? Theoretical ...

Language learning anxiety, or the stress that accompanies language learning in the classroom, is well-established in the literature (Sparks and Ganschow, 2007; Woodrow, 2006; Truitt, 1995), along with ...

In education, as in psychology, clarity matters. Yet in everyday conversations about teaching and learning, terms like learning theory and pedagogy are often used interchangeably. Phrases such as “We ...

In our view, higher-category theory, which possesses the highest degree of abstraction, is a second-level language relative ...

The long-held idea that language learning is better before adulthood is up for debate. Adults have a number of advantages when it comes to learning a second language, and it comes with major benefits.

Research suggests that bilingual people enjoy some cognitive benefits later in life, but it probably requires more than a few Spanish lessons in your 60s. By Dana G. Smith My father decided to start ...