Combined chemical and hydrodynamic modeling offers a powerful tool beyond Jupiter. Scientists can apply similar techniques to Uranus, Neptune, and gas rich exoplanets. Such planets remain difficult to ...

Not all of the solar system’s building blocks formed simultaneously. Some of the first solid bodies, or planetesimals, formed in the first million years after the Sun was born. Others, including the ...

While Io, the most volcanically active moon in the solar system, appears completely dry and devoid of water ice, its neighbor ...