The need for security in electronic communications is crucial in today's world. The foundation for providing this security rests on mathematics. In particular, a certain kind of mathematical function ...

Cryptographic hash functions are a key building block in embedded security. They take input data of any size and convert it into a fixed-length value, called a hash or message digest. This hash acts ...

Many discussions of “hybrid encryption” begin with some debate about just what this means. Hybrid encryption in general refers to the combined use of public-key (asymmetric) cryptography with ...