Type 1 diabetes occurs when a person's own immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In recent years, scientists have learned how to grow large volumes of replacement beta ...

Left: A blue light pulse of 0.1 seconds triggers a calcium signal (red) in guard cells, which is followed by an anion current (black). Right: The influx of calcium into the cell promotes the release ...

Stomatal guard cells are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that control water and CO₂ exchange between the plant and the environment. To fulfill the functions of stomatal opening and closure that ...

Researchers have identified a 'guard mechanism' for a protein which attacks microbes in infected cells, opening the possibility of new treatments for Toxoplasma, Chlamydia, Tuberculosis and even ...