The fractional stochastic delay differential equation (FSDDE) is a powerful mathematical tool for modeling complex systems that exhibit both fractional order dynamics and stochasticity with time ...

Random and stochastic systems are becoming widely used as realistic models of physical phenomena than deterministic systems. Furthermore, the solution of the deterministic system is itself a mean of ...

As global financial markets become increasingly interconnected, accurately modelling correlations between assets is essential. Traditional models often assume static correlations, which fail to ...