Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

Protein phosphorylation is a pivotal post-translational modification modulating various cellular processes. In Gram-positive bacteria, the protein arginine kinase McsB, along with its activator McsA, ...

The enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) produces the neurotransmitter GABA, using pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP). GAD exists as two isoforms, GAD65 and GAD67. Only GAD65 acts as a major autoantigen, ...

Different atoms and ions possess characteristic energy levels. Like a fingerprint, they are unique for each species. Among them, the atomic ion 173 Yb + has attracted growing interest because of its ...

DNA aptamers are powerful molecular tools in biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutics. However, a limited understanding of their tertiary structures and binding mechanisms hinders their further ...

The liver has a unique structure, especially at the level of individual cells. Hepatocytes, the main liver cells, release bile into tiny channels called bile canaliculi, which drain into the bile duct ...

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus harbored by fruit bats. It can be transmitted to pigs and humans, infect people through contaminated food, and can travel directly from person to person via droplets.

A team led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers has uncovered the atomic structure of a protein complex pivotal to the function of motile cilia, the hair-like structures extending from the ...