The complement cascade, a cornerstone of innate immunity, has been increasingly recognised for its non-canonical role in sculpting neural circuits through synaptic pruning. Central to this process is ...

The complement system, a proteolytic cascade within innate immunity, is tightly regulated during healthy gestation to support implantation, placental development and parturition while preventing ...

Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia recurrentis, which is transmitted by body lice (not head lice). The disease was first described by Hippocrates (460–370 B.C.) ...

Arachnology and toxinology have increasingly illuminated the structural, biochemical and evolutionary diversity of venom ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

The innate response's job is to assess the threat and determine how best to handle it. When it has a firm grasp on the situation, and if it can't deal with the threat itself, the innate response ...