We describe a dual-trap force-clamp configuration that applies constant loads between a binding protein and an intermittently interacting biological polymer. The method has a measurement delay of only ...

Fastening and joining components are foundational elements in machine design, directly influencing the structural integrity, operational reliability and manufacturability of engineered systems.

Composite materials are replacing metals in a variety of engine and transmission components, including covers, manifolds, pumps and housings. In many applications, the cost and complexity of mounting ...