Staged reconstruction repair of bladder exstrophy results in hydronephrosis or renal scarring in 15-25% of patients. A cosmetically acceptable and functional phallus can be achieved in 85% of patients ...

Graphical comparison of bladder augmentation surgery using either ileum (top) or a cell-seeded, biodegradable scaffold (bottom). MSCs and HSPCs represent different types of stem cells found in the ...

Use of bowel segments for bladder augmentation has recognized long-term complications—perforation, stone formation, electrolyte disturbances and cancer—attributed to the presence of secretory mucosa ...

Doctors consider surgery for interstitial cystitis (IC) as a last resort when other treatments, such as diet changes, medications, bladder instillations, and physical therapy, have failed to bring ...