The basic principles of AAS can be expressed as follows. Firstly, all atoms or ions can absorb light at specific, unique wavelengths. When a sample containing copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), for example, ...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Theory -- 2.1 Spectroscopy -- 2.2 Introduction to atomic spectroscopy -- 2.3 Quantitative considerations of transitions -- 2.3.1 Population of atoms in a state : ...

Due to increasing environmental pollutants and global industrialization, food and water safety have become crucial concerns today. Ensuring that consumables are free from harmful contaminants is a ...

Fossil fuels are widely used in automobiles, industry, and power plants, but due to excessive use they are depleting at a rapid rate. This has prompted a search for renewable, sustainable, and ...

Milk is one of the fundamental food groups in the human diet, both as various dairy products and in its original state. The 2008 Chinese contaminated baby formula scandal increased awareness amongst ...

Analytical spectrometry encompasses a diverse range of techniques that measure the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, providing both qualitative “fingerprints” and quantitative ...