2D-XRD, or two-dimensional X-ray diffraction, is a powerful analytical technique used to study the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials at the nanoscale. It provides detailed ...

X-ray technology is moving into the mainstream of chip manufacturing as complex assemblies and advanced packaging make it increasingly difficult to ensure these devices will work as expected ...

In this article, we explore how X-ray diffraction, also known as XRD, can be used to analyze thin films and the benefits of using this technique. Many materials are now processed in the form of thin ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

Diagram of an X-ray Reflectometry (XRR) setup: This schematic shows the arrangement of the X-ray tube, Gӧbel mirror, sample holder, and detector. The X-rays are emitted from the tube, shaped by slits ...